Structural items in Parts 5 to 8: BCIN Building Structural

Last updated October 22, 2026

Values this chapter turns on

max spacing of supports for vertical piping: 7.5 m; max spacing of supports for vertical piping
max height of a masonry chimney under Part 9: 12 m; max height of a masonry chimney under Part 9
max appliance output for a Part 9 chimney: 120 kW; max appliance output for a Part 9 chimney
privy pit bottom above the high water table: 900 mm; privy pit bottom above the high water table

The Building Structural exam reaches into the envelope, mechanical, plumbing and sewage Parts for items that carry or transfer load. Each item is short. The skill is knowing that these rules exist and which Part 4 rules they borrow.

Envelope: structural loads and hydrostatic pressure (Part 5)

Assemblies that separate dissimilar environments, or are exposed to the exterior, must resist both environmental loads and structural loads OBC Div. B 5.1.4.1.. For the structural side, Part 5 sends you to Part 4. Design under Subsection 5.2.2 is required for four groups:

the elements identified in Part 4;
air pressure on air barriers;
wind uplift on roofing;
hydrostatic pressure on below-grade moisture protection.

Other common assemblies may instead rely on proven past performance. Envelope parts must transfer their loads to the structure, must not deflect so much that they harm other parts, and must accommodate expected structural movement and construction tolerances.

Which loads count OBC Div. B 5.2.2.1.:

dead loads transferred from structure;
wind, snow, rain, hydrostatic and earth pressures;
live loads;
thermal, moisture, creep, shrinkage and settlement movements;
earthquake effects, but only for post-disaster buildings, depending on their function.

Wind on envelope parts is 100% of the specified wind load from 4.1.7.1. It may be less only where test or analysis shows a lower load, and then not less than that tested or calculated value OBC Div. B 5.2.2.2.. Membrane roofing uplift resistance is tested to CAN/CSA A123.21, unless the assembly has proven past performance. All of this design uses limit states design under 4.1.3 OBC Div. B 5.2.2.3..

Waterproofing under hydrostatic pressure is designed under 5.1.4. Its hydrostatic design loads come from 5.2.2 OBC Div. B 5.7.2.2..

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HVAC and chimneys (Part 6)

Mechanical systems must be designed and installed to accommodate the maximum relative structural movement the building is designed for OBC Div. B 6.2.1.4..

A rectangular masonry or concrete chimney follows Part 9 if it meets both of these OBC Div. B 6.3.3.2.:

it is no more than 12 m high; and
it serves appliances totalling 120 kW or less, or fireplaces.

Any other masonry or concrete chimney follows NFPA 211.

Chimney access ladders, where provided, have steel or bronze rungs built into the walls. External rungs start at least 2.5 m above ground OBC Div. B 6.3.3.4..

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Plumbing support and thrust (Part 7)

Piping must be supported to keep it aligned and to carry the weight of the pipe and its contents OBC Div. B 7.3.4.1.. Wall-hung fixtures must not strain the piping. Pipes, fixtures and tanks are supported independently of each other.

Vertical piping is supported at its base and at alternate floors, with supports no more than 7.5 m apart OBC Div. B 7.3.4.4..

Horizontal piping is braced against sway and thrust. Hanger rods are 6 mm for NPS 2 or less, 8 mm for NPS 4 or less, and 13 mm for larger pipe OBC Div. B 7.3.4.5.. Support spacing comes from Table 7.3.4.5.:

Pipe	Maximum spacing
ABS or PVC	1.2 m
CPVC, PP-R, composite	1.0 m
PEX, PE-RT	0.8 m
Cast iron	3.0 m
Hard copper over NPS 1	3.0 m

Thrust restraint is required at every change of direction of a water service pipe of NPS 4 or more, and at all tees, plugs, caps and bends OBC Div. B 7.3.4.9.. Acceptable means include clamps, tie-rods, thrust blocks and restrained joints. Concrete thrust blocks reach at least 10 MPa at 28 days, bear against undisturbed earth, and are never used on vertical pipe.

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Roof drainage loads (Part 7)

The hydraulic load from a roof, in litres, is the SB-1 15-minute rainfall multiplied by two areas added together OBC Div. B 7.4.10.4.:

the horizontal projection of the roof; plus
half of the largest adjoining vertical surface.

Flow control roof drains deliberately store water on the roof. They are allowed only if all of these are met:

the roof structure is designed for that stored water;
drain-down takes 24 h or less;
scuppers are no more than 30 m apart, so controlled water is limited to 150 mm deep;
there is at least one drain per 900 m².

This is where the plumber's drain choice becomes a structural load. Solar domestic hot water systems are installed to CAN/CSA-F383 OBC Div. B 7.6.1.8..

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Sewage system structures (Part 8)

Tanks OBC Div. B 8.2.2.2.:

Class 4 treatment tanks and Class 5 holding tanks conform to CSA B66.
A tank may not be buried deeper than the burial depth it is designed for.
A tank must be securely anchored where flooding or groundwater could create hydrostatic pressure.

Privies have a superstructure of strong, durable, weatherproof materials, with a solid floor on a treated timber or masonry sill OBC Div. B 8.3.2.1.. For an earth pit privy OBC Div. B 8.3.3.1.:

the pit bottom is at least 900 mm above the high groundwater table;
the sides are reinforced against collapse;
the pit is surrounded by 600 mm of soil;
the soil around the base is mounded at least 150 mm.

Raised leaching beds OBC Div. B 8.7.4.2.:

fill is compacted in layers before pipes are laid, to avoid uneven settlement;
side slopes are no steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal, or 1 to 3 with erosion and stability measures.

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Chapter review

Chapter at a glance

One line per section: the idea to carry into the exam. Then the answers that most often catch candidates out.

Chapter at a glance: the key idea in each section
Section	Key idea
Envelope: structural loads and hydrostatic pressure (Part 5)	Assemblies that separate dissimilar environments, or are exposed to the exterior, must resist both environmental loads and structural loads.
HVAC and chimneys (Part 6)	Mechanical systems must be designed and installed to accommodate the maximum relative structural movement the building is designed for.
Plumbing support and thrust (Part 7)	Piping must be supported to keep it aligned and to carry the weight of the pipe and its contents.
Roof drainage loads (Part 7)	London's 15-minute rainfall is 28 mm.
Sewage system structures (Part 8)	Privies have a superstructure of strong, durable, weatherproof materials, with a solid floor on a treated timber or masonry sill.

Envelope: structural loads and hydrostatic pressure (Part 5)
Assemblies that separate dissimilar environments, or are exposed to the exterior, must resist both environmental loads and structural loads.
HVAC and chimneys (Part 6)
Mechanical systems must be designed and installed to accommodate the maximum relative structural movement the building is designed for.
Plumbing support and thrust (Part 7)
Piping must be supported to keep it aligned and to carry the weight of the pipe and its contents.
Roof drainage loads (Part 7)
London's 15-minute rainfall is 28 mm.
Sewage system structures (Part 8)
Privies have a superstructure of strong, durable, weatherproof materials, with a solid floor on a treated timber or masonry sill.

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Questions on Structural items in Parts 5 to 8, in the exam format, every answer explained and cited to its article. Sign in to start; a free account gets the free questions.

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Code cited in this chapter

Based on the official 2024 Building Code Compendium on ontario.ca.

OBC Div. B 5.1.4.1. Structural and Environmental Loads
(1)Building materials, components and assemblies that separate dissimilar environments or are exposed to the exterior shall be designed and constructed to provide sufficient capacity and integrity to resist or accommodate
(a)all environmental loads, and effects of those loads, that may reasonably be expected having regard to,
(i)the intended use of the building, and
(ii)the environment to which the materials, components and assemblies are subject, and
(b)all structural loads, and effects of those loads, that may be reasonably expected.
(2)Where building materials, components or assemblies perform more than one function, they shall satisfy the requirements of all of those functions. (See Note A-5.1.4.1.(2))
(3)Compliance with Clause (1)(a) shall be demonstrated by design complying with Subsection 5.2.1. and construction conforming to that design.
(4)Compliance with Clause (1)(b) shall be demonstrated by design complying with Subsection 5.2.2., and construction conforming to that design, with regard to
(a)materials, components and assemblies, and associated loads, that are identified in Part 4,
(b)air pressure loads imposed on air barrier systems,
(c)wind up-lift imposed on roofing, and
(d)hydrostatic pressure imposed on the means of protection from moisture in the ground.
(5)For materials, components, assemblies and loads to which Sentence (4) does not apply, compliance with Clause (1)(b) shall be demonstrated
(a)by design complying with Subsection 5.2.2. for individual applicable loads and construction conforming to that design, or
(b)in the case of common materials, components and assemblies, and their installation, by proven past performance over a period of several years for individual applicable loads. (See Note A-5.1.4.1.(5))
(6)Materials, components and assemblies separating dissimilar environments and assemblies exposed to the exterior, including their connections, that are subject to structural loads as defined in Article 5.2.2.1. shall
(a)transfer such loads to the building structure without adverse effects on the performance of other materials, components or assemblies,
(b)not deflect to a degree that adversely affects the performance of other materials, components or assemblies, and (See Note A-5.1.4.1.(6)(b) and
(c)
(c) be designed, and constructed according to that design, to accommodate, (See Note A-5.1.4.1.(6)(b) and (c))
(i)the maximum relative structural movement that may reasonably be expected, and
(ii)construction tolerances that may be reasonably expected. (See Article 4.1.3.5., Sentence 4.1.3.3.(2) and Subsection 4.1.8. for information on different types of structural movements.) (See Note A-5.1.4.1.)
Open OBC Div. B 5.1.4.1. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 5.2.2.1. Determination of Structural Loads and Effects
(1)Where materials, components or assemblies that separate dissimilar environments or are exposed to the exterior, or their connections, are required to be designed for structural loads, these loads shall be determined in accordance with Part 4.
(2)Except as provided in Article 4.1.8.18., the structural loads referred to in Sentence (1) and their related effects shall include,
(a)dead loads transferred from structural elements,
(b)wind, snow, rain, hydrostatic and earth pressures,
(c)earthquake effects for post-disaster buildings, depending on their intended function, (See Note A-5.2.2.1.(2)(c))
(d)live loads due to use and occupancy, and
(e)loads due to thermal or moisture-related expansion and contraction, deflection, deformation, creep, shrinkage, settlement, and differential movement.
(3)Where materials, components or assemblies that separate dissimilar environments or are exposed to the exterior, or their connections, can be expected to be subject to loads or other effects not otherwise described in this Subsection or in Part 4, such loads or other effects shall be taken into account in the design based on the most current and applicable information available.
Open OBC Div. B 5.2.2.1. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 5.2.2.2. Determination of Wind Load
(1)This Article applies to the determination of wind load to be used in the design of materials, components and assemblies, including their connections, that separate dissimilar environments or are exposed to the exterior, where these are,
(a)subject to wind load, and
(b)required to be designed to resist wind load.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), the wind load referred to in Sentence (1) shall be 100% of the specified wind load determined in accordance with Article 4.1.7.1.
(3)Where it can be shown by test or analysis that a material, component, assembly or connection referred to in Sentence (1) will be subject to less than 100% of the specified wind load, the wind load referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not less than the load determined by test or analysis.
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (5), the wind uplift resistance of membrane roofing assemblies shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of CAN/CSA A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems." (See Note A-5.2.2.2.(4))
(5)Membrane roofing assemblies with proven past performance for the anticipated wind loads need not comply with Sentence (4). (See Note A-5.1.4.1.(5))
Open OBC Div. B 5.2.2.2. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 5.2.2.3. Design Procedures
(1)Structural design shall be carried out in accordance with Subsection 4.1.3. and other applicable requirements in Part 4.
Open OBC Div. B 5.2.2.3. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 5.7.2.2. Design of Building Elements under Hydrostatic Loads
(1)Waterproofing materials, components, assemblies and systems described in Article 5.7.2.1. shall be designed in accordance with Subsection 5.1.4.
(2)Hydrostatic design loads shall be determined in accordance with Subsection 5.2.2.
Open OBC Div. B 5.7.2.2. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 6.2.1.4. Structural Movement
(1)Mechanical systems and equipment shall be designed and installed to accommodate the maximum relative structural movement provided for in the construction of the building.
Open OBC Div. B 6.2.1.4. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 6.3.3.2. Masonry or Concrete Chimneys
(1)Rectangular masonry or concrete chimneys not more than 12 m in height shall conform to Part 9 if they serve
(a)appliances with a combined total rated heat output of 120 kW or less, or
(b)fireplaces.
(2)Masonry or concrete chimneys other than those described in Sentence (1) shall be designed and installed in conformance with the appropriate requirements in NFPA 211, "Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances."
Open OBC Div. B 6.3.3.2. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 6.3.3.4. Access Ladders
(1)Access ladders for chimneys, when provided, shall consist of steel or bronze rungs, built into the walls of the chimneys.
(2)Rungs for external ladders shall begin at not less than 2.5 m from ground level.
Open OBC Div. B 6.3.3.4. in the code viewer

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OBC Div. B 7.3.4.1. Capability of Support
(1)Piping shall be provided with support that is capable of keeping the pipe in alignment and bearing the weight of the pipe and its contents.
(2)Wall mounted fixtures shall be supported so that no strain is transmitted to the piping.
(3)Every floor or wall mounted water closet bowl shall be securely attached to the floor or wall by means of a flange and shall be stable.
Open OBC Div. B 7.3.4.1. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 7.3.4.4. Support for Vertical Piping
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), vertical piping shall be supported at its base and at the floor level of alternate storeys by rests, each of which can bear the weight of pipe that is between it and the rest above it.
(2)The maximum spacing of supports shall be 7.5 m.
Open OBC Div. B 7.3.4.4. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 7.3.4.5. Support for Horizontal Piping
(1)Nominally horizontal piping that is inside a building shall be braced to prevent swaying and buckling and to control the effects of thrust.
(2)Nominally horizontal piping shall be supported as stated in Table 2.3.4.5.
(3)Where PVC, CPVC or ABS plastic pipe is installed,
(a)the pipe shall be aligned without added strain on the piping,
(b)the pipe shall not be bent or pulled into position after being welded or joined, and
(c)hangers shall not compress, cut or abrade the pipe.
(4)Where PEX, PE-RT, PP-R, PE/AL/PE or PEX/AL/PEX plastic pipe or tube is installed, hangers shall not compress, cut or abrade the pipe.
(5)Where hangers are used to support nominally horizontal piping, the hangers shall be
(a)supported by metal rods of not less than
(i)6 mm diam to support piping of NPS 2 or less,
(ii)8 mm diam to support piping of NPS 4 or less, and
(iii)13 mm diam to support piping over NPS 4, or
(b)solid or perforated metal straps not less than
(i)0.6 mm thick and 12 mm wide to support piping of NPS 2 or less, and
(ii)0.8 mm thick and 18 mm wide to support piping of NPS 4 or less.
(6)Where a hanger is attached to concrete or masonry, it shall be fastened by metal or expansion-type plugs that are inserted or built into the concrete or masonry.
Open OBC Div. B 7.3.4.5. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B Table 7.3.4.5. Support for Nominally Horizontal Piping
Table 7.3.4.5. — Support for Nominally Horizontal Piping Forming Part of Sentence 7.3.4.5.(2) Piping Material | Maximum Horizontal Spacing of Supports, m | Additional Support Conditions ABS or PVC plastic pipe | 1.2 | At the end of branches or fixture drains and at changes in direction and elevation ABS or PVC plastic trap arm or fixture drain pipe > 1 m long | n/a | As close as possible to the trap Cast-iron pipe | 3.0 | At or adjacent to each hub or joint Cast-iron pipe with mechanical joints that is ≤ 300 mm long between adjacent fittings | 1.0 | None Copper tube or copper and brass pipe, hard temper with diameter > NPS 1 | 3.0 | None Copper tube or copper and brass pipe, hard temper with diameter ≤ NPS 1 | 2.5 | None Copper tube, soft temper | 2.5 | None CPVC pipe | 1.0 | None Galvanized iron or steel pipe with diameter ≥ NPS 6 | 3.75 | None Galvanized iron or steel pipe with diameter < NPS 6 | 2.5 | None Lead pipe | Throughout length of pipe | None PE/AL/PE composite pipe | 1.0 | None PEX/AL/PEX composite pipe | 1.0 | None PEX plastic pipe | 0.8 | None PE-RT tube | 0.8 | None PP-R plastic pipe | 1.0 | At the end of branches and at changes in direction and elevation Stainless steel pipe with diameter ≥ NPS 1 | 3.0 | None Stainless steel pipe with diameter < NPS 1 | 2.5 | None Stainless steel tube with diameter ≥ NPS 1 | 3.0 | None Stainless steel tube with diameter < NPS 1 | 2.5 | None
Open OBC Div. B Table 7.3.4.5. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 7.3.4.9. Thrust Restraint of Water Service Pipes
(1)Pipe clamps and tie-rods, thrust blocks, locked mechanical or push-on joints, mechanical joints utilizing set screw retainer glands, or other suitable means of thrust restraint shall be provided at each change of direction of a water service pipe NPS 4 or more and at all tees, plugs, caps and bends.
(2)Backing for underground water service pipes shall be placed
(a)between undisturbed earth and the fitting to be restrained and shall be of sufficient bearing area to provide adequate resistance to the thrust to be encountered, and
(b)so that the joints will be accessible for inspection and repair.
(3)Concrete thrust blocks shall have a minimum compressive strength of not less than 10 MPa after 28 days.
(4)Thrust blocks shall not be used to restrain vertical pipe.
Open OBC Div. B 7.3.4.9. in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 7.4.10.4. Hydraulic Loads from Roofs or Paved Surfaces
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the hydraulic load in litres from a roof or paved surface is the maximum 15 min rainfall determined in conformance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, "Climatic and Seismic Data," multiplied by the sum of
(a)the area in square metres of the horizontal projection of the surface drained, and
(b)one-half the area in square metres of the largest adjoining vertical surface.
(2)Flow control roof drains may be installed, provided
(a)the maximum drain down time does not exceed 24 h,
(b)the roof structure is designed to carry the load of the stored water,
(c)one or more scuppers are installed not more than 30 m apart along the perimeter of the building so that
(i)up to 200% of the 15-minute rainfall intensity can be handled, and
(ii)the maximum depth of controlled water is limited to 150 mm,
(d)they are located not more than 15 m from the edge of the roof and not more than 30 m from adjacent drains, and
(e)there is at least one drain for each 900 m².
(3)Reserved.
(4)Where the height of the parapet is more than 150 mm or exceeds the height of the adjacent wall flashing,
(a)emergency roof overflows or scuppers described in Clause (2)(c) shall be provided, and
(b)there shall be a minimum of 2 roof drains.
Open OBC Div. B 7.4.10.4. in the code viewer
OBC SB-1 Table 2: Climatic Design Data
Table 2: Climatic Design Data
Location | Elevation, m | Design Temperature — January — 2.5%, °C | Design Temperature — January — 1%, °C | Design Temperature — July 2.5% — Dry, °C | Design Temperature — July 2.5% — Wet, °C | Degree Days Below 18°C | 15 Min Rain, mm | One Day Rain, 1/50, mm | Annual Rain, mm | Moisture Index | Annual Total Precipitation, mm | Driving Rain Wind Pressures, Pa, 1/5 | Snow Load, kPa, 1/50 — Ss | Snow Load, kPa, 1/50 — Sr | Hourly Wind Pressures, kPa — 1/10 | Hourly Wind Pressures, kPa — 1/50
Ailsa Craig | 230 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 23 | 3840 | 25 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 950 | 180 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Ajax | 95 | -20 | -22 | 30 | 23 | 3820 | 23 | 92 | 760 | 0.9 | 825 | 160 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Alexandria | 80 | -24 | -26 | 30 | 23 | 4600 | 25 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 975 | 160 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.31 | 0.4
Alliston | 220 | -23 | -25 | 29 | 23 | 4200 | 28 | 113 | 690 | 0.8 | 875 | 120 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Almonte | 120 | -26 | -28 | 30 | 23 | 4620 | 25 | 97 | 730 | 0.8 | 800 | 140 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Armstrong | 340 | -37 | -40 | 28 | 21 | 6500 | 23 | 97 | 525 | 0.8 | 725 | 100 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.3
Arnprior | 85 | -27 | -29 | 30 | 23 | 4680 | 23 | 86 | 630 | 0.8 | 775 | 140 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.37
Atikokan | 400 | -33 | -35 | 29 | 22 | 5750 | 25 | 103 | 570 | 0.8 | 760 | 100 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.3
Attawapiskat | 10 | -37 | -39 | 28 | 21 | 7100 | 18 | 81 | 450 | 0.8 | 650 | 160 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.41
Aurora | 270 | -21 | -23 | 30 | 23 | 4210 | 28 | 108 | 700 | 0.8 | 800 | 140 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Bancroft | 365 | -28 | -31 | 29 | 23 | 4740 | 25 | 92 | 720 | 0.9 | 900 | 100 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 0.25 | 0.32
Barrie | 245 | -24 | -26 | 29 | 23 | 4380 | 28 | 97 | 700 | 0.8 | 900 | 120 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Barriefield | 100 | -22 | -24 | 28 | 23 | 3990 | 23 | 108 | 780 | 1.0 | 950 | 160 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Beaverton | 240 | -24 | -26 | 30 | 23 | 4300 | 25 | 108 | 720 | 0.9 | 950 | 120 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Belleville | 90 | -22 | -24 | 29 | 23 | 3910 | 23 | 97 | 760 | 0.9 | 850 | 180 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Belmont | 260 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 24 | 3840 | 25 | 97 | 850 | 1.0 | 950 | 180 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Big Trout Lake (Kitchenuhmaykoosib) | 215 | -38 | -40 | 26 | 20 | 7450 | 18 | 92 | 400 | 0.75 | 600 | 150 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 0.31 | 0.42
Borden (CBF) | 225 | -23 | -25 | 29 | 23 | 4300 | 28 | 103 | 690 | 0.82 | 875 | 120 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Bracebridge | 310 | -26 | -28 | 29 | 23 | 4800 | 25 | 103 | 830 | 1.0 | 1050 | 120 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Bradford | 240 | -23 | -25 | 30 | 23 | 4280 | 28 | 108 | 680 | 0.8 | 800 | 120 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Brampton | 215 | -19 | -21 | 30 | 23 | 4100 | 28 | 119 | 720 | 0.8 | 820 | 140 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Brantford | 205 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 3900 | 23 | 103 | 780 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Brighton | 95 | -21 | -23 | 29 | 23 | 4000 | 23 | 94 | 760 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Brockville | 85 | -23 | -25 | 29 | 23 | 4060 | 25 | 103 | 770 | 0.9 | 975 | 180 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Burk's Falls | 305 | -26 | -28 | 29 | 22 | 5020 | 25 | 97 | 810 | 0.9 | 1010 | 120 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Burlington | 80 | -17 | -19 | 31 | 23 | 3740 | 23 | 103 | 770 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Caledon | 425 | -21 | -23 | 30 | 23 | 4450 | 28 | 119 | 730 | 0.84 | 875 | 140 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.31 | 0.4
Cambridge | 295 | -18 | -20 | 29 | 23 | 4100 | 25 | 113 | 800 | 0.9 | 890 | 160 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Campbellford | 150 | -23 | -26 | 30 | 23 | 4280 | 25 | 97 | 730 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Cannington | 255 | -24 | -26 | 30 | 23 | 4310 | 25 | 108 | 740 | 0.9 | 950 | 120 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Carleton Place | 135 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4600 | 25 | 97 | 730 | 0.8 | 850 | 160 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Cavan | 200 | -23 | -25 | 30 | 23 | 4400 | 25 | 97 | 740 | 0.9 | 850 | 140 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Centralia | 260 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 23 | 3800 | 25 | 103 | 820 | 1.0 | 1000 | 180 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Chapleau | 425 | -35 | -38 | 27 | 21 | 5900 | 20 | 97 | 530 | 0.7 | 850 | 80 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.23 | 0.3
Chatham | 180 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3470 | 28 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 850 | 180 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Chesley | 275 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 22 | 4320 | 28 | 103 | 810 | 0.9 | 1125 | 140 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Clinton | 280 | -17 | -19 | 29 | 23 | 4150 | 25 | 103 | 810 | 0.9 | 1000 | 160 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Coboconk | 270 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4500 | 25 | 108 | 740 | 0.9 | 950 | 120 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Cobourg | 90 | -21 | -23 | 29 | 23 | 3980 | 23 | 94 | 760 | 0.9 | 825 | 160 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.38 | 0.49
Cochrane | 245 | -34 | -36 | 29 | 21 | 6200 | 20 | 92 | 575 | 0.8 | 875 | 80 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.27 | 0.35
Colborne | 105 | -21 | -23 | 29 | 23 | 3980 | 23 | 94 | 760 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.38 | 0.49
Collingwood | 190 | -21 | -23 | 29 | 23 | 4180 | 28 | 97 | 720 | 0.9 | 950 | 160 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.39
Cornwall | 35 | -23 | -25 | 30 | 23 | 4250 | 25 | 103 | 780 | 0.9 | 960 | 180 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Corunna | 185 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3600 | 25 | 100 | 760 | 0.9 | 800 | 180 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Deep River | 145 | -29 | -32 | 30 | 22 | 4900 | 23 | 92 | 650 | 0.8 | 850 | 100 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Deseronto | 85 | -22 | -24 | 29 | 23 | 4070 | 23 | 92 | 760 | 0.9 | 900 | 160 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Dorchester | 260 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 24 | 3900 | 28 | 103 | 850 | 1.0 | 950 | 180 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Dorion | 200 | -33 | -35 | 28 | 21 | 5950 | 20 | 103 | 550 | 0.8 | 725 | 160 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.39
Dresden | 185 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3750 | 28 | 97 | 760 | 0.8 | 820 | 180 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Dryden | 370 | -34 | -36 | 28 | 22 | 5850 | 25 | 97 | 550 | 0.7 | 700 | 120 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.3
Dundalk | 525 | -22 | -24 | 29 | 22 | 4700 | 28 | 108 | 750 | 0.9 | 1080 | 150 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Dunnville | 175 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 24 | 3660 | 23 | 108 | 830 | 1.0 | 950 | 160 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Durham | 340 | -20 | -22 | 29 | 22 | 4340 | 28 | 103 | 815 | 0.9 | 1025 | 140 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Dutton | 225 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3700 | 28 | 92 | 850 | 1.0 | 925 | 180 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Earlton | 245 | -33 | -36 | 29 | 22 | 5730 | 23 | 92 | 560 | 0.8 | 820 | 120 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Edison | 365 | -34 | -36 | 28 | 22 | 5740 | 25 | 108 | 510 | 0.7 | 680 | 120 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.23 | 0.31
Elliot Lake | 380 | -26 | -28 | 29 | 21 | 4950 | 23 | 108 | 630 | 0.8 | 950 | 160 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.38
Elmvale | 220 | -24 | -26 | 29 | 23 | 4200 | 28 | 97 | 720 | 0.9 | 950 | 140 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Embro | 310 | -19 | -21 | 30 | 23 | 3950 | 28 | 113 | 830 | 0.9 | 950 | 160 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Englehart | 205 | -33 | -36 | 29 | 22 | 5800 | 23 | 92 | 600 | 0.8 | 880 | 100 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Espanola | 220 | -25 | -27 | 29 | 21 | 4920 | 23 | 108 | 650 | 0.8 | 840 | 160 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Exeter | 265 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 23 | 3900 | 25 | 113 | 810 | 0.9 | 975 | 180 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Fenelon Falls | 260 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4440 | 25 | 108 | 730 | 0.9 | 950 | 120 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Fergus | 400 | -20 | -22 | 29 | 23 | 4300 | 28 | 108 | 760 | 0.9 | 925 | 160 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Forest | 215 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 23 | 3740 | 25 | 103 | 810 | 1.0 | 875 | 160 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Fort Erie | 180 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 24 | 3650 | 23 | 108 | 860 | 1.0 | 1020 | 160 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Fort Erie (Ridgeway) | 190 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 24 | 3600 | 25 | 108 | 860 | 1.0 | 1000 | 160 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Fort Frances | 340 | -33 | -35 | 29 | 22 | 5440 | 25 | 108 | 570 | 0.7 | 725 | 120 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.23 | 0.31
Gananoque | 80 | -22 | -24 | 28 | 23 | 4010 | 23 | 103 | 760 | 0.9 | 900 | 180 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Geraldton | 345 | -36 | -39 | 28 | 21 | 6450 | 20 | 86 | 550 | 0.8 | 725 | 100 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.3
Glencoe | 215 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3680 | 28 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 925 | 180 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Goderich | 185 | -16 | -18 | 29 | 23 | 4000 | 25 | 92 | 810 | 1.0 | 950 | 180 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Gore Bay | 205 | -24 | -26 | 28 | 22 | 4700 | 23 | 92 | 640 | 0.8 | 860 | 160 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Graham | 495 | -35 | -37 | 29 | 22 | 5940 | 23 | 97 | 570 | 0.8 | 750 | 140 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.3
Gravenhurst (Muskoka Airport) | 255 | -26 | -28 | 29 | 23 | 4760 | 25 | 103 | 790 | 0.9 | 1050 | 120 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Grimsby | 85 | -16 | -18 | 30 | 23 | 3520 | 23 | 108 | 760 | 0.9 | 875 | 160 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Guelph | 340 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 23 | 4270 | 28 | 103 | 770 | 0.9 | 875 | 140 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Guthrie | 280 | -24 | -26 | 29 | 23 | 4300 | 28 | 103 | 700 | 0.8 | 950 | 120 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Haileybury | 210 | -32 | -35 | 30 | 22 | 5600 | 23 | 92 | 590 | 0.8 | 820 | 120 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Haldimand (Caledonia) | 190 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 3750 | 23 | 108 | 810 | 0.9 | 875 | 160 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Haldimand (Hagersville) | 215 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 23 | 3760 | 25 | 97 | 840 | 1.0 | 875 | 160 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Haliburton | 335 | -27 | -29 | 29 | 23 | 4840 | 25 | 92 | 780 | 0.9 | 980 | 100 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Halton Hills (Georgetown) | 255 | -19 | -21 | 30 | 23 | 4200 | 28 | 119 | 750 | 0.8 | 850 | 140 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.37
Hamilton — Above Escarpment - West of John C. Munro Int'l Airport | 240 | -17 | -19 | 31 | 23 | 3460 | 23 | 108 | 810 | 0.9 | 875 | 160 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Hamilton — Above Escarpment - East of John C. Munro Int'l Airport | 200 | -17 | -19 | 31 | 23 | 3460 | 23 | 108 | 810 | 0.9 | 875 | 160 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Hamilton — Below Escarpment - West of Highway 403 | 90 | -17 | -19 | 31 | 23 | 3460 | 23 | 108 | 810 | 0.9 | 875 | 160 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Hamilton — Below Escarpment - East of Highway 403 | 90 | -17 | -19 | 31 | 23 | 3460 | 23 | 108 | 810 | 0.9 | 875 | 160 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Hanover | 270 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 22 | 4300 | 28 | 103 | 790 | 0.9 | 1050 | 140 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Hastings | 200 | -24 | -26 | 30 | 23 | 4280 | 25 | 92 | 730 | 0.9 | 840 | 140 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Hawkesbury | 50 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4610 | 23 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 925 | 160 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Hearst | 245 | -35 | -37 | 29 | 21 | 6450 | 20 | 86 | 520 | 0.7 | 825 | 80 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.23 | 0.3
Honey Harbour | 180 | -24 | -26 | 29 | 23 | 4300 | 25 | 97 | 710 | 0.9 | 1050 | 160 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.39
Hornepayne | 360 | -37 | -40 | 28 | 21 | 6340 | 20 | 93 | 420 | 0.7 | 750 | 80 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.3
Huntsville | 335 | -26 | -29 | 29 | 22 | 4850 | 25 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 1000 | 120 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Ingersoll | 280 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 3920 | 28 | 108 | 840 | 1.0 | 950 | 180 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Iroquois Falls | 275 | -33 | -36 | 29 | 21 | 6100 | 20 | 86 | 575 | 0.8 | 825 | 100 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0.29 | 0.37
Jellicoe | 330 | -36 | -39 | 28 | 21 | 6400 | 20 | 86 | 550 | 0.8 | 750 | 100 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.3
Kapuskasing | 245 | -34 | -36 | 29 | 21 | 6250 | 20 | 86 | 550 | 0.8 | 825 | 100 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.24 | 0.31
Kemptville | 90 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4540 | 25 | 92 | 750 | 0.9 | 925 | 160 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Kenora | 370 | -33 | -35 | 28 | 22 | 5630 | 25 | 113 | 515 | 0.6 | 630 | 120 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 0.23 | 0.31
Killaloe | 185 | -28 | -31 | 30 | 22 | 4960 | 23 | 86 | 680 | 0.8 | 825 | 120 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Kincardine | 190 | -17 | -19 | 28 | 22 | 3890 | 25 | 92 | 800 | 1.0 | 950 | 180 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Kingston | 80 | -22 | -24 | 28 | 23 | 4000 | 23 | 108 | 780 | 1.0 | 950 | 180 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Kinmount | 295 | -26 | -28 | 29 | 23 | 4600 | 25 | 108 | 750 | 0.9 | 950 | 120 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Kirkland Lake | 325 | -33 | -36 | 29 | 22 | 6000 | 23 | 92 | 600 | 0.8 | 875 | 100 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.39
Kitchener | 335 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 23 | 4200 | 28 | 119 | 780 | 0.9 | 925 | 140 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.37
Lakefield | 240 | -24 | -26 | 30 | 23 | 4330 | 25 | 92 | 720 | 0.9 | 850 | 140 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.38
Lansdowne House | 240 | -38 | -40 | 28 | 21 | 7150 | 23 | 92 | 500 | 0.8 | 680 | 140 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.24 | 0.32
Leamington | 190 | -15 | -17 | 31 | 24 | 3400 | 28 | 113 | 800 | 0.9 | 875 | 180 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Lindsay | 265 | -24 | -26 | 30 | 23 | 4320 | 25 | 103 | 720 | 0.8 | 850 | 140 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.38
Lion's Head | 185 | -19 | -21 | 27 | 22 | 4300 | 25 | 103 | 700 | 0.9 | 950 | 180 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Listowel | 380 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 23 | 4300 | 28 | 119 | 800 | 0.9 | 1000 | 160 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
London | 245 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 24 | 3900 | 28 | 103 | 825 | 0.9 | 975 | 180 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Lucan | 300 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 23 | 3900 | 25 | 113 | 810 | 0.9 | 1000 | 180 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Maitland | 85 | -23 | -25 | 29 | 23 | 4080 | 25 | 103 | 770 | 0.9 | 975 | 180 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Markdale | 425 | -20 | -22 | 29 | 22 | 4500 | 28 | 103 | 820 | 0.9 | 1050 | 160 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Markham | 175 | -21 | -23 | 31 | 24 | 4000 | 25 | 86 | 720 | 0.8 | 825 | 140 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Martin | 485 | -35 | -37 | 29 | 22 | 5900 | 25 | 103 | 560 | 0.8 | 750 | 120 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.3
Matheson | 265 | -33 | -36 | 29 | 21 | 6080 | 20 | 86 | 580 | 0.8 | 825 | 100 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.39
Mattawa | 165 | -29 | -31 | 30 | 22 | 5050 | 23 | 86 | 700 | 0.9 | 875 | 100 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.25 | 0.32
Midland | 190 | -24 | -26 | 29 | 23 | 4200 | 25 | 97 | 740 | 0.9 | 1060 | 160 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.39
Milton | 200 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 3920 | 25 | 125 | 750 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Milverton | 370 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 23 | 4200 | 28 | 108 | 800 | 0.9 | 1050 | 160 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Minden | 270 | -27 | -29 | 29 | 23 | 4640 | 25 | 97 | 780 | 0.9 | 1010 | 100 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Mississauga | 160 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 3880 | 25 | 113 | 720 | 0.9 | 800 | 160 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Mississauga (Lester B. Pearson International Airport) | 170 | -20 | -22 | 31 | 24 | 3890 | 26 | 108 | 685 | 0.8 | 790 | 160 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Mississauga (Port Credit) | 75 | -18 | -20 | 29 | 23 | 3780 | 25 | 108 | 720 | 0.9 | 800 | 160 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Mitchell | 335 | -18 | -20 | 29 | 23 | 4100 | 28 | 113 | 810 | 0.9 | 1050 | 160 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Moosonee | 10 | -36 | -38 | 28 | 22 | 6800 | 18 | 81 | 500 | 0.8 | 700 | 160 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.35
Morrisburg | 75 | -23 | -25 | 30 | 23 | 4370 | 25 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 950 | 180 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Mount Forest | 420 | -21 | -24 | 28 | 22 | 4700 | 28 | 103 | 740 | 0.9 | 940 | 140 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Nakina | 325 | -36 | -38 | 28 | 21 | 6500 | 20 | 86 | 540 | 0.8 | 750 | 100 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.3
Nanticoke (Jarvis) | 205 | -17 | -18 | 30 | 23 | 3700 | 28 | 108 | 840 | 1.0 | 900 | 160 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Nanticoke (Port Dover) | 180 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 24 | 3600 | 25 | 108 | 860 | 1.0 | 950 | 140 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Napanee | 90 | -22 | -24 | 29 | 23 | 4140 | 23 | 92 | 770 | 0.9 | 900 | 160 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Newcastle | 115 | -20 | -22 | 30 | 23 | 3990 | 23 | 86 | 760 | 0.9 | 830 | 160 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Newcastle (Bowmanville) | 95 | -20 | -22 | 30 | 23 | 4000 | 23 | 86 | 760 | 0.9 | 830 | 160 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
New Liskeard | 180 | -32 | -35 | 30 | 22 | 5570 | 23 | 92 | 570 | 0.8 | 810 | 100 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
Newmarket | 185 | -22 | -24 | 30 | 23 | 4260 | 28 | 108 | 700 | 0.8 | 800 | 140 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.38
Niagara Falls | 210 | -16 | -18 | 30 | 23 | 3600 | 23 | 96 | 810 | 0.9 | 950 | 160 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
North Bay | 210 | -28 | -30 | 28 | 22 | 5150 | 25 | 95 | 775 | 0.9 | 975 | 120 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.34
Norwood | 225 | -24 | -26 | 30 | 23 | 4320 | 25 | 92 | 720 | 0.8 | 850 | 120 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Oakville | 90 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 3760 | 23 | 97 | 750 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Orangeville | 430 | -21 | -23 | 29 | 23 | 4450 | 28 | 108 | 730 | 0.8 | 875 | 140 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Orillia | 230 | -25 | -27 | 29 | 23 | 4260 | 25 | 103 | 740 | 0.9 | 1000 | 120 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.36
Oshawa | 110 | -19 | -21 | 30 | 23 | 3860 | 23 | 86 | 760 | 0.9 | 875 | 160 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Ottawa (Barrhaven) | 98 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4500 | 25 | 92 | 750 | 0.8 | 900 | 160 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Ottawa (City Hall) | 70 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4440 | 23 | 86 | 750 | 0.8 | 900 | 160 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Ottawa (Kanata) | 98 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4520 | 25 | 92 | 730 | 0.8 | 900 | 160 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Ottawa (MacDonald-Cartier Int'l Airport) | 125 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4500 | 24 | 89 | 750 | 0.8 | 900 | 160 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Ottawa (Orleans) | 70 | -26 | -28 | 30 | 23 | 4500 | 23 | 91 | 750 | 0.8 | 900 | 160 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Owen Sound | 215 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 22 | 4030 | 28 | 113 | 760 | 0.9 | 1075 | 160 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Pagwa River | 185 | -35 | -37 | 28 | 21 | 6500 | 20 | 86 | 540 | 0.8 | 825 | 80 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.3
Paris | 245 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 4000 | 23 | 96 | 790 | 0.9 | 925 | 160 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Parkhill | 205 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 23 | 3800 | 25 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 925 | 180 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Parry Sound | 215 | -24 | -26 | 28 | 22 | 4640 | 23 | 97 | 820 | 1.0 | 1050 | 160 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.39
Pelham (Fonthill) | 230 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 23 | 3690 | 23 | 96 | 820 | 0.9 | 950 | 160 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Pembroke | 125 | -28 | -31 | 30 | 23 | 4980 | 23 | 105 | 640 | 0.8 | 825 | 100 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Penetanguishene | 220 | -24 | -26 | 29 | 23 | 4200 | 25 | 97 | 720 | 0.9 | 1050 | 160 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.39
Perth | 130 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4540 | 25 | 92 | 730 | 0.8 | 900 | 140 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Petawawa | 135 | -29 | -31 | 30 | 23 | 4980 | 23 | 92 | 640 | 0.8 | 825 | 100 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Peterborough | 200 | -23 | -25 | 30 | 23 | 4400 | 25 | 92 | 710 | 0.8 | 840 | 140 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Petrolia | 195 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3640 | 25 | 108 | 810 | 0.9 | 920 | 180 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Pickering Zone 1 | 85 | -19 | -21 | 30 | 23 | 3800 | 23 | 92 | 730 | 0.9 | 825 | 140 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Pickering Zone 2 | 175 | -20 | -22 | 30 | 23 | 3900 | 23 | 92 | 730 | 0.9 | 825 | 140 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Pickering Zone 3 | 255 | -21 | -23 | 30 | 23 | 4010 | 23 | 86 | 770 | 0.91 | 850 | 140 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Pickering Zone 4 | 315 | -22 | -24 | 30 | 23 | 4200 | 23 | 86 | 770 | 0.91 | 850 | 140 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Picton | 95 | -21 | -23 | 29 | 23 | 3980 | 23 | 92 | 770 | 0.9 | 940 | 160 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.38 | 0.49
Plattsville | 300 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 23 | 4150 | 28 | 103 | 820 | 0.9 | 950 | 140 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Point Alexander | 150 | -29 | -32 | 30 | 22 | 4960 | 23 | 92 | 650 | 0.8 | 850 | 100 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Port Burwell | 195 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 24 | 3800 | 25 | 92 | 930 | 1.1 | 1000 | 180 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Port Colborne | 180 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 24 | 3600 | 23 | 108 | 850 | 1.0 | 1000 | 160 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Port Elgin | 205 | -17 | -19 | 28 | 22 | 4100 | 25 | 92 | 790 | 0.9 | 850 | 180 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Port Hope | 100 | -21 | -23 | 29 | 23 | 3970 | 23 | 94 | 760 | 0.9 | 825 | 180 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Port Perry | 270 | -22 | -24 | 30 | 23 | 4260 | 25 | 97 | 720 | 0.8 | 850 | 140 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Port Stanley | 180 | -15 | -17 | 31 | 24 | 3850 | 25 | 92 | 940 | 1.1 | 975 | 180 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Prescott | 90 | -23 | -25 | 29 | 23 | 4120 | 25 | 103 | 770 | 0.9 | 975 | 180 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Princeton | 280 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 4000 | 25 | 97 | 810 | 0.9 | 925 | 160 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Raith | 475 | -34 | -37 | 28 | 22 | 5900 | 23 | 97 | 570 | 0.8 | 750 | 120 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.3
Rayside-Balfour (Chelmsford) | 270 | -28 | -30 | 29 | 21 | 5200 | 25 | 92 | 650 | 0.8 | 850 | 180 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Red Lake | 360 | -35 | -37 | 28 | 21 | 6220 | 20 | 92 | 470 | 0.7 | 630 | 120 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.3
Renfrew | 115 | -27 | -30 | 30 | 23 | 4900 | 23 | 97 | 620 | 0.8 | 810 | 140 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Richmond Hill | 230 | -21 | -23 | 31 | 24 | 4000 | 25 | 97 | 740 | 0.8 | 850 | 140 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Rockland | 50 | -26 | -28 | 30 | 23 | 4600 | 23 | 92 | 780 | 0.9 | 950 | 160 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.31 | 0.4
Sarnia | 190 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3750 | 25 | 100 | 750 | 0.9 | 825 | 180 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Sault Ste. Marie | 190 | -25 | -28 | 29 | 22 | 4960 | 23 | 97 | 660 | 0.9 | 950 | 200 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.44
Schreiber | 310 | -34 | -36 | 27 | 21 | 5960 | 20 | 103 | 600 | 0.8 | 850 | 160 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.39
Seaforth | 310 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 23 | 4100 | 25 | 108 | 810 | 0.9 | 1025 | 160 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Shelburne | 495 | -22 | -24 | 29 | 23 | 4700 | 28 | 108 | 740 | 0.9 | 900 | 150 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 0.31 | 0.4
Simcoe | 210 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 24 | 3700 | 28 | 113 | 860 | 1.0 | 950 | 160 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Sioux Lookout | 375 | -34 | -36 | 28 | 22 | 5950 | 25 | 97 | 520 | 0.7 | 710 | 100 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.3
Smiths Falls | 130 | -25 | -27 | 30 | 23 | 4540 | 25 | 92 | 730 | 0.8 | 850 | 140 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.41
Smithville | 185 | -16 | -18 | 30 | 23 | 3650 | 23 | 108 | 800 | 0.9 | 900 | 160 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Smooth Rock Falls | 235 | -34 | -36 | 29 | 21 | 6250 | 20 | 92 | 560 | 0.8 | 850 | 80 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.32
Southampton | 180 | -17 | -19 | 28 | 22 | 4100 | 25 | 92 | 800 | 1.0 | 830 | 180 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
South River | 355 | -27 | -29 | 29 | 22 | 5090 | 25 | 103 | 830 | 1.0 | 975 | 120 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
St. Catharines | 105 | -16 | -18 | 30 | 23 | 3540 | 23 | 92 | 770 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
St. Mary's | 310 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 4000 | 28 | 108 | 820 | 1.0 | 1025 | 160 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
St. Thomas | 225 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3780 | 25 | 103 | 900 | 1.0 | 975 | 180 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Stirling | 120 | -23 | -25 | 30 | 23 | 4220 | 25 | 97 | 740 | 0.9 | 850 | 120 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.31 | 0.4
Stratford | 360 | -18 | -20 | 29 | 23 | 4050 | 28 | 113 | 820 | 1.0 | 1050 | 160 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Strathroy | 225 | -17 | -19 | 31 | 24 | 3780 | 25 | 103 | 770 | 0.9 | 950 | 180 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Sturgeon Falls | 205 | -28 | -30 | 29 | 21 | 5200 | 25 | 95 | 700 | 0.9 | 910 | 140 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Sudbury | 275 | -28 | -30 | 29 | 21 | 5180 | 25 | 97 | 650 | 0.8 | 875 | 200 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Sundridge | 340 | -27 | -29 | 29 | 22 | 5080 | 25 | 97 | 840 | 1.0 | 975 | 120 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Tavistock | 340 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 23 | 4100 | 28 | 113 | 820 | 1.0 | 1010 | 160 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Temagami | 300 | -30 | -33 | 30 | 22 | 5420 | 23 | 92 | 650 | 0.8 | 875 | 120 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.37
Thamesford | 280 | -19 | -21 | 30 | 23 | 3950 | 28 | 108 | 820 | 0.9 | 975 | 160 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Thedford | 205 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 23 | 3710 | 25 | 103 | 810 | 1.0 | 900 | 180 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Thunder Bay | 210 | -31 | -33 | 29 | 21 | 5650 | 23 | 108 | 560 | 0.8 | 710 | 160 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.39
Tillsonburg | 215 | -17 | -19 | 30 | 24 | 3840 | 25 | 103 | 880 | 1.0 | 980 | 160 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Timmins | 300 | -34 | -36 | 29 | 21 | 5940 | 20 | 108 | 560 | 0.8 | 875 | 100 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 0.27 | 0.35
Timmins (Porcupine) | 295 | -34 | -36 | 29 | 21 | 6000 | 20 | 103 | 560 | 0.8 | 875 | 100 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0.29 | 0.37
Toronto Metropolitan Region — Etobicoke | 160 | -20 | -22 | 31 | 24 | 3800 | 26 | 108 | 720 | 0.8 | 800 | 160 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Toronto Metropolitan Region — North York | 175 | -20 | -22 | 31 | 24 | 3760 | 25 | 108 | 730 | 0.8 | 850 | 150 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Toronto Metropolitan Region — Scarborough | 180 | -20 | -22 | 31 | 24 | 3800 | 25 | 92 | 730 | 0.9 | 825 | 160 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Toronto Metropolitan Region — Toronto (City Hall) | 90 | -18 | -20 | 31 | 23 | 3520 | 25 | 97 | 720 | 0.9 | 820 | 160 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Trenton | 80 | -22 | -24 | 29 | 23 | 4110 | 23 | 97 | 760 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Trout Creek | 330 | -27 | -29 | 29 | 22 | 5100 | 25 | 103 | 780 | 0.9 | 975 | 120 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.27 | 0.35
Uxbridge | 275 | -22 | -24 | 30 | 23 | 4240 | 25 | 103 | 700 | 0.8 | 850 | 140 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.33 | 0.42
Vaughan (Woodbridge) | 165 | -20 | -22 | 31 | 24 | 4100 | 26 | 113 | 700 | 0.8 | 800 | 140 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Vittoria | 215 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 24 | 3680 | 25 | 113 | 880 | 1.0 | 950 | 160 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Walkerton | 275 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 22 | 4300 | 28 | 103 | 790 | 0.9 | 1025 | 160 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Wallaceburg | 180 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3600 | 28 | 97 | 760 | 0.9 | 825 | 180 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
Waterloo | 330 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 23 | 4200 | 28 | 119 | 780 | 0.9 | 925 | 160 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.29 | 0.37
Watford | 240 | -17 | -19 | 31 | 24 | 3740 | 25 | 108 | 790 | 0.9 | 950 | 160 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Wawa | 290 | -34 | -36 | 26 | 21 | 5840 | 20 | 93 | 725 | 0.9 | 950 | 160 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.39
Welland | 180 | -15 | -17 | 30 | 23 | 3670 | 23 | 103 | 840 | 1.0 | 975 | 160 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.43
West Lorne | 215 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3700 | 28 | 103 | 840 | 1.0 | 900 | 180 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Whitby | 85 | -20 | -22 | 30 | 23 | 3820 | 23 | 86 | 760 | 0.9 | 850 | 160 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.48
Whitby (Brooklin) | 160 | -20 | -22 | 30 | 23 | 4010 | 23 | 86 | 770 | 0.9 | 850 | 140 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 0.45
White River | 375 | -39 | -42 | 28 | 21 | 6150 | 20 | 92 | 575 | 0.8 | 825 | 100 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.3
Wiarton | 185 | -19 | -21 | 29 | 22 | 4300 | 25 | 103 | 740 | 0.9 | 1000 | 180 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Windsor | 185 | -16 | -18 | 32 | 24 | 3400 | 28 | 103 | 800 | 0.9 | 900 | 180 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Wingham | 310 | -18 | -20 | 30 | 23 | 4220 | 28 | 108 | 780 | 0.9 | 1050 | 160 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.46
Woodstock | 300 | -19 | -21 | 30 | 23 | 3910 | 28 | 113 | 830 | 0.9 | 930 | 160 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.34 | 0.44
Wyoming | 215 | -16 | -18 | 31 | 24 | 3700 | 25 | 103 | 815 | 0.9 | 900 | 180 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.37 | 0.47
Open OBC SB-1 in the code viewer
OBC Div. B 7.6.1.8. Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems
(1)Systems for solar heating of potable water shall be installed in conformance with CAN/CSA-F383, "Installation of packaged solar domestic hot water systems."
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OBC Div. B 8.2.2.2. Tanks
(1)A tank that is used as a treatment unit in a Class 4 sewage system or a holding tank in a Class 5 sewage system shall conform to the requirements of CSA B66, "Design, material, and manufacturing requirements for prefabricated septic tanks and sewage holding tanks."
(2)Material standards, access and construction methods and practices for a tank used for other Classes of sewage systems shall conform to the requirements of CSA B66, "Design, material, and manufacturing requirements for prefabricated septic tanks and sewage holding tanks."
(3)Sentence (2) does not apply to a tank that is an integral part of a prefabricated Class 1 sewage system.
(4)Access openings shall be located to facilitate the pumping of all compartments and the servicing of the inlet and outlet of each compartment not accessible by removal of the tank top or part of it.
(5)A tank shall not be covered by soil or leaching bed fill having a depth greater than the maximum depth of burial that the tank is designed to withstand.
(6)A tank shall be securely anchored when located in an area subject to flooding or where ground water levels may cause hydrostatic pressures.
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OBC Div. B 8.3.2.1. Construction Requirements
(1)A privy as described in Subsections 8.3.3. to 8.3.5. shall be enclosed with a superstructure that
(a)is constructed of strong durable weatherproof materials,
(b)has a solid floor supported by a sill constructed of treated timber, masonry or other material of at least equal strength and durability,
(c)is easily sanitized,
(d)unless it is equipped solely as a urinal, is equipped with one or more seats each having a cover and being supported by an enclosed bench or riser that is lined with an impervious material on all interior vertical surfaces,
(e)is equipped with a self-closing door,
(f)has one or more openings for purposes of ventilation, all of which are screened,
(g)has a ventilation duct that is screened at the top end and that extends from the underside of the bench or riser to a point above the roof of the superstructure, and
(h)shall not have any openings for the reception of human body waste, other than urinals and those constructed in accordance with Clause (d).
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OBC Div. B 8.3.3.1. Construction Requirements
(1)An earth pit privy shall be constructed in the following manner:
(a)the bottom of the pit shall be at least 900 mm above the high ground water table,
(b)the sides of the pit shall be reinforced so as to prevent their collapse,
(c)the pit shall be surrounded on all sides and on its bottom by not less than 600 mm of soil or leaching bed fill, and
(d)the soil or leaching bed fill around the base of the sides of the superstructure of the earth pit privy shall be raised or mounded to a height of at least 150 mm above ground level.
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OBC Div. B 8.7.4.2. Construction Requirements
(1)Except for a shallow buried trench, a leaching bed comprised of absorption trenches may be constructed in leaching bed fill, if unsaturated soil or leaching bed fill complying with Subclause 8.7.2.1.(1)(b)(ii) extends
(a)to a depth of at least 250 mm over the area covered by the leaching bed fill, and
(b)for at least 15 m beyond the centre lines of the outer distribution pipes or leaching chambers in any direction in which the effluent entering the soil or leaching bed fill will move horizontally.
(2)If the unsaturated soil or leaching bed fill described in Sentence (1) has a percolation time greater than 15 min, any additional leaching bed fill added to it to form the leaching bed shall have a percolation time not less than 75% of the percolation time of the unsaturated soil or leaching bed fill to which it is added.
(3)Leaching bed fill that does not meet the requirements of Sentence (2) may be used to form the leaching bed if
(a)the distance from the bottom of the absorption trench to the underlying soil is not less than 900 mm, or
(b)where the distance from the bottom of the absorption trench to the underlying soil is less than 900 mm, the percolation time of the least permeable soil or leaching bed fill within 900 mm from the bottom of the absorption trench is used to calculate the length of the distribution pipe under Article 8.7.3.1. or the length of the leaching chamber under Article 8.7.3.2.
(4)Sentence (2) does not apply to any leaching bed fill added as backfill above the stone layer in which the distribution pipe is located.
(5)All leaching bed fill added shall be stabilized against erosion.
(6)The site to which the leaching bed fill is added shall be generally clear of vegetation.
(7)The leaching bed fill that is added shall be compacted in layers in such a manner as to avoid uneven settlement of the distribution pipes or leaching chambers.
(8)Any distribution boxes, header lines, absorption trenches, distribution pipes or leaching chambers shall be installed only after the leaching bed fill has been compacted in accordance with Sentence (7).
(9)Except as provided in Sentence (10), the sides of the added leaching bed fill shall be sloped to ensure stability, but shall not be steeper than one unit vertically to four units horizontally.
(10)The side slope of the leaching bed fill may be increased up to one unit vertically to three units horizontally if measures are taken to prevent erosion and ensure stability of the leaching bed fill.
(11)The distances set out in Column 2 of Table 8.2.1.6.B. shall be increased by twice the height that the leaching bed is raised above the original grade.
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