Parts 3 to 7 provisions referenced by Part 9

(1)Openings in a firewall shall conform to the size limits described in Article 3.1.8.6.

(2)The aggregate width of openings in a firewall within a storey shall be not more than 25% of the entire length of the firewall.

(1)Combustible material shall not extend across the end of a firewall but is permitted to extend across a roof above a firewall that is terminated in conformance with Sentence 3.1.10.3.(2).

(2)If buildings are separated by a firewall, combustible projections on the exterior of one building, including balconies, platforms, canopies, eave projections and stairs, that extend outward beyond the end of the firewall, shall not be permitted within 2.4 m of combustible projections and window or door openings of the adjacent building. (See also Article 3.2.3.6.)

(1)Except as required by Sentence (2) and as permitted by Sentence (3), the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification of a material, assembly, or structural member shall be determined on the basis of not less than three tests conducted in conformance with CAN/ULC-S102, "Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies."

(2)The flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification of a material or assembly shall be determined on the basis of not less than three tests conducted in conformance with CAN/ULC-S102.2, "Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Flooring, Floor Coverings, and Miscellaneous Materials and Assemblies," if the material or assembly

(a)is designed for use in a relatively horizontal position with only its top surface exposed to air,

(b)cannot be tested in conformance with Sentence (1) without the use of supporting material that is not representative of the intended installation, or

(c)is thermoplastic.

(3)A material, assembly, or structural member is permitted to be assigned a flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification on the basis of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, "Fire Performance Ratings."

(1)A rooftop enclosure provided for elevator machinery, a stairway or a service room used for no purpose other than for service to the building, shall not be considered as a storey in calculating the building height.

(2)Space under tiers of seats in a building of the arena type shall not be considered as adding to the building height provided the space is used only for dressing rooms, concession stands and similar purposes incidental to the major occupancy of the building.

(3)Except as required by Sentence (5), the space above a mezzanine need not be considered as a storey in calculating building height provided

(a)the aggregate area of mezzanines that are not superimposed does not exceed 40% of the open area of the room in which they are located, and (See Note A-3.2.1.1.(3)(a))

(b)except as permitted in Sentences (7) and 3.3.2.13.(3) the space above the mezzanine is used as an open area without partitions or subdividing walls higher than 1,070 mm above the mezzanine floor.

(4)Except as required by Sentence (5), the space above a mezzanine need not be considered as a storey in calculating the building height provided

(a)the aggregate area of mezzanines that are not superimposed and do not meet the conditions of Sentence (3) does not exceed 10% of the floor area in which they are located, and

(b)the area of a mezzanine in a suite does not exceed 10% of the area of that suite.

(5)Except as permitted by Sentence (6), each level of mezzanine that is partly or wholly superimposed above the first level of mezzanine shall be considered as a storey in calculating the building height.

(6)Platforms intended solely for periodic inspection and elevated maintenance catwalks need not be considered as floor assemblies or mezzanines for the purpose of calculating building height, provided

(a)they are not used for storage, and

(b)they are constructed with noncombustible materials unless the building is permitted to be of combustible construction.

(7)The space above a mezzanine conforming to Sentence (3) is permitted to include an enclosed space whose area does not exceed 10% of the open area of the room in which the mezzanine is located, provided the enclosed space does not obstruct visual communication between the open space above the mezzanine and the room in which it is located. (See Note A-3.2.1.1.(3)(a)

(8)A service space in which facilities are included to permit a person to enter and to undertake maintenance and other operations pertaining to building services from within the service space need not be considered a storey if it conforms to Articles 3.2.5.14. and 3.3.1.25., and Sentences 3.2.4.18.(11), 3.2.7.3.(2), 3.3.1.3.(7), 3.4.2.4.(3) and 3.4.4.4.(9). (See Note A-3.2.1.1.(8))

(1)Every building shall face a street located in conformance with the requirements of Articles 3.2.5.4 and 3.2.5.5 for access routes.

(2)For the purposes of Subsections 3.2.2. and 3.2.5. an access route conforming to Subsection 3.2.5. is permitted to be considered as a street.

(3)A building conforming to Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60. is considered to face one street, where

(a)not less than 25% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of a street or streets, or

(b)not less than 10% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of a street or streets, provided the exterior cladding conforms to Sentence 3.1.4.8.(2).

(4)A building is considered to face 2 streets provided not less than 50% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of the street or streets.

(5)A building is considered to face 3 streets provided not less than 75% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of the street or streets.

(6)Enclosed spaces, tunnels, bridges and similar structures, even though used for vehicular or pedestrian traffic, are not considered as streets for the purpose of this Part.

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), an exterior balcony shall be constructed in accordance with the type of construction required by Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.93., as applicable to the occupancy classification of the building.

(2)The floor assembly of an exterior balcony in a building or part thereof conforming to Article 3.2.2.48., 3.2.2.57. or 3.2.2.93. shall

(a)be of noncombustible construction, or

(b)be constructed in accordance with Article 3.1.6.3., but need not comply with Sentence 3.1.6.4.(1).

(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), an automatic sprinkler system conforming to the requirements of Articles 3.2.4.7., 3.2.4.8., 3.2.4.9. and 3.2.5.12. shall be installed throughout a building regulated by one or more of Articles 3.2.2.20., 3.2.2.21., 3.2.2.22., 3.2.2.23., 3.2.2.24., 3.2.2.26., 3.2.2.27., 3.2.2.29., 3.2.2.31., 3.2.2.33., 3.2.2.36., 3.2.2.37., 3.2.2.38., 3.2.2.39., 3.2.2.40., 3.2.2.41., 3.2.2.42., 3.2.2.43., 3.2.2.44., 3.2.2.45., 3.2.2.46., 3.2.2.47., 3.2.2.48., 3.2.2.49., 3.2.2.51., 3.2.2.52., 3.2.2.55., 3.2.2.55A., 3.2.2.55B., 3.2.2.55C., 3.2.2.55D., 3.2.2.55.E., 3.2.2.56., 3.2.2.57., 3.2.2.59., 3.2.2.60., 3.2.2.61., 3.2.2.63., 3.2.2.65., 3.2.2.66., 3.2.2.67., 3.2.2.69., 3.2.2.71., 3.2.2.72., 3.2.2.73., 3.2.2.74., 3.2.2.76., 3.2.2.77., 3.2.2.79., 3.2.2.81., 3.2.2.82., 3.2.2.84., 3.2.2.86., 3.2.2.88., 3.2.2.90. and 3.2.2.93.

(2)If a storey in a building or a floor area is required to have an automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with one or more of Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.93. or Section 3.3., the automatic sprinkler system shall also be installed throughout all lower storeys in the building notwithstanding permission in Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.93. to construct one or more of those storeys without installing automatic sprinkler protection. (See Note A-3.2.2.18.(2))

(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided

(a)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and

(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.54.

(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and

(a)except as permitted by Sentences (3) and (4), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,

(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and

(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.

(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, that are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min but need not be constructed as fire separations.

(4)In a building in which there is no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit, the fire-resistance rating for floor assemblies entirely within the dwelling unit is waived.

(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.3.10. to 3.2.3.12., the area of unprotected openings in an exposing building face for the applicable limiting distance shall be not more than the value determined in accordance with

(a)Table 3.2.3.1.-B or Table 3.2.3.1.-C for an exposing building face conforming to Article 3.2.3.2. of a building or fire compartment which is not sprinklered, or

(b)Table 3.2.3.1.-D or Table 3.2.3.1.-E for an exposing building face conforming to Article 3.2.3.2. of a sprinklered fire compartment that is part of a building which is sprinklered in conformance with Section 3.2. (See Note A-3) (See also Article 3.1.18.3.)

(2)The area of the unprotected openings in an exposing building face shall be the aggregate area of unprotected openings expressed as a percentage of the area of the exposing building face in Table 3.2.3.1.-B, 3.2.3.1.-C, 3.2.3.1.-D or 3.2.3.1.-E. (See Sentence 3.2.3.2.(1))

(3)For the purpose of determining the type of construction and cladding and the fire-resistance rating of an exterior wall,

(a)the exposing building face shall be taken as the projection of the exterior wall onto a vertical plane located so that no portion of the exterior wall of the building or of a fire compartment, if the fire compartment complies with the requirements of Article 3.2.3.2., is between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting distance is measured, and

(b)the area of unprotected openings shall be determined from Table 3.2.3.1.-B, 3.2.3.1.-C, 3.2.3.1.-D or 3.2.3.1.-E.

(4)For the purpose of determining the actual percentage of unprotected openings permitted in an exterior wall, the location of the exposing building face is permitted to be taken at a vertical plane located so that there are no unprotected openings between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting distance is measured. (See Note A-3.2.3.1.(4))

(5)Except for buildings that are sprinklered, where the limiting distance is 2 m or less, individual unprotected openings in an exposing building face shall be no greater than

(a)the area stated in Table 3.2.3.1.-A, or

(b)where the limiting distance equal to or greater than 1.2 m, the area calculated by

Area =

Area = 0.24[((2 × LD) − 1.2)^2]

where

Area = area of the unprotected opening, and

LD = limiting distance.

(6)The spacing between individual unprotected openings described in Sentence (5) that serve a single room or space described in Sentence (7) shall not be less than

(a)2 m horizontally of another unprotected opening that is on the same exposing building face and serves the single room or space, or

(b)2 m vertically of another unprotected opening that serves the single room or space, or another room or space on the same storey.

(7)For the purpose of Sentence (6), "single room or space" means a room or space that

(a)is not divided by a wall,

(b)is divided by

(i)a wall that extends less than 1.5 m from the interior face of the exterior wall, or

(ii)a partial height wall, or

(c)consists of two or more stacked spaces that are on the same storey.

(8)If a building has any storey that is not sprinklered and firefighting facilities cannot reach it within 10 min of the alarm being received, the required limiting distance shall be doubled.

(9)If the surface temperature on the unexposed surface of a wall assembly exceeds the temperature limit of a standard fire test as permitted by Article 3.1.7.2., an allowance shall be made for the radiation from the hot unexposed wall surface by adding an equivalent area of unprotected opening to the area of actual openings as follows:

A_C = A + (A_E × F_EO)

where

A_C = corrected area of unprotected openings including actual and equivalent openings,

A = actual area of unprotected openings,

A_F = area of exterior surface of the exposing building face, exclusive of openings, on which the temperature limit of the standard test is exceeded, and

F_EO = an equivalent opening factor derived from the following expression:

F_EO = ((T_u + 273)^4)/((T_e + 273)^4)

T_u = average temperature in degrees Celsius of the unexposed wall surface at the time the required fire-resistance rating is reached under test conditions,

T_e = 892°C for a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, 927°C for a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and 1,010°C for a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h.

(10)Unless a closure used to protect an opening in an exposing building face has a protective performance equivalent to that required for the wall assembly in which it is located, an equivalent area of unprotected opening, determined in accordance with the procedures of Sentence (9) shall be added to the greater of

(a)the actual area of unprotected openings, or

(b)the corrected area of unprotected openings.

(11)The required limiting distance for an exposing building face is permitted to be measured to a point beyond the property line that is not the centre line of a street, lane or public thoroughfare if

(a)the owners of the properties on which the limiting distance is measured and the municipality enter into an agreement in which such owners agree that,

(i)each owner covenants that, for the benefit of land owned by the other covenantors, the owner will not construct a building on his or her property unless the limiting distance for exposing building faces in respect of the proposed construction is measured in accordance with the agreement,

(ii)the covenants contained in the agreement are intended to run with the lands, and the agreement shall be binding on the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns,

(iii)the agreement shall not be amended or deleted from title without the consent of the municipality, and

(iv)they will comply with such other conditions as the municipality considers necessary, including indemnification of the municipality by the other parties, and

(b)the agreement referred to in Clause (a) is registered against the title of the properties to which it applies.

(12)Where an agreement referred to in Sentence (11) is registered against the title of a property, the limiting distance for exposing building faces shall be measured to the point referred to in the agreement.

(1)Except as provided by Sentences (3) and (4) and Articles 3.2.3.10. and 3.2.3.11., the fire-resistance rating, construction and cladding for exposing building faces of buildings or fire compartments of Group A, B, C, D or Group F, Division 3 occupancy classification shall comply with Table 3.2.3.7.

(2)Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4) and Article 3.2.3.10., the fire-resistance rating, construction and cladding for exposing building faces of buildings or fire compartments of Group E or Group F, Division 1 or 2 occupancy classification shall comply with Table 3.2.3.7.

(3)Except as provided in Articles 3.1.4.8. and 3.1.6.9., the requirement in Table 3.2.3.7. for noncombustible cladding for buildings or fire compartments where the maximum permitted area of unprotected openings is more than 10% of the exposing building face is permitted to be waived for exterior wall assemblies that comply with Article 3.1.5.5. or 3.1.5.6.

(4)Except as provided by Articles 3.1.4.8. and 3.1.6.9., the requirement in Table 3.2.3.7. for noncombustible cladding for buildings or fire compartments where the maximum permitted area of unprotected openings is more than 25% but not more than 50% of the exposing building face is permitted to be waived where

(a)the limiting distance is greater than 5 m,

(b)the building or fire compartment and all combustible attic or roof spaces are sprinklered throughout,

(c)the cladding

(i)conforms to Subsection 9.27.6., 9.27.7., 9.27.8., 9.27.9. or 9.27.10.,

(ii)is installed without furring members, or on furring not more than 25 mm thick, over gypsum sheathing at least 12.7 mm thick or over masonry, and

(iii)after conditioning in conformance with ASTM D2898, "Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing," has a flame-spread rating not greater than 25 on the exterior face when tested in accordance with Sentence 3.1.12.1.(1),

(d)the cladding

(i)conforms to Subsection 9.27.12.,

(ii)is installed with or without furring members over gypsum sheathing at least 12.7 mm thick or over masonry,

(iii)has a flame-spread rating not greater than 25 when tested in accordance with Sentence 3.1.12.1.(2), and

(iv)does not exceed 2 mm in thickness exclusive of fasteners, joints and local reinforcements, or (See Note A-3.2.3.7.(4)(d)(iv))

(e)the exterior wall assembly complies with Article 3.1.5.5. or 3.1.5.6.

(5)The construction requirements for the exposing building face stated in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be satisfied before increasing the unprotected opening area as permitted by Sentence 3.2.3.12.(1).

(1)Except as required by Sentence 3.2.3.7.(5), the maximum area of unprotected openings in any exposing building face of a building that is not sprinklered is permitted to be doubled if the openings are glazed with

(a)glass block conforming to the requirements of Article 3.1.8.16., or

(b)wired glass assemblies conforming to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, "Fire Performance Ratings." (See Note A-3.2.3.12.(1)) (See A-2.3.15. of SB-2)

(1)Except as provided by Sentences (2) to (4) and (9), an automatic sprinkler system shall be designed, constructed, installed and tested in conformance with NFPA 13, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems." (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(1))

(2)Instead of the requirements of Sentence (1), NFPA 13R, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies," is permitted to be used for the design, construction, installation and testing of an automatic sprinkler system installed

(a)in a building of residential occupancy throughout that is not more than 4 storeys in building height and conforms to Article 3.2.2.47., 3.2.2.49., 3.2.2.51., 3.2.2.52. or 3.2.2.55.,

(b)in a building of Group B, Division 3 occupancy that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons and not more than six occupants require assistance in evacuation in case of an emergency,

(c)in a building that contains a retirement home constructed in accordance with Article 3.2.2.55D., or

(d)in a building that contains a retirement home constructed in accordance with Article 3.2.2.55E., where the fire separation required by Sentence 3.3.4.11.(2) on the storey immediately below the roof assembly is continuous to the underside of the roof deck. (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(2))

(3)Instead of the requirements of Sentence (1), NFPA 13D, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Oneand Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes," is permitted to be used for the design, construction and installation of an automatic sprinkler system installed

(a)in a building of residential occupancy throughout that contains not more than two dwelling units,

(b)reserved,

(c)in a building of residential occupancy throughout that contains more than two dwelling units, provided

(i)except for a secondary suite, no dwelling unit is located above another dwelling unit,

(ii)all suites are separated by a vertical fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h that provides continuous protection from the top of the footing to the underside of the roof deck, with any space between the top of the wall and the roof deck tightly filled with mineral wool or noncombustible material,

(iii)each dwelling unit has its own sprinkler water supply provided in accordance with NFPA 13D, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes,"

(iv)a passive purge sprinkler system design is used as described in NFPA 13D, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes," and

(v)where the sprinkler system is taken into consideration for the reduction of limiting distance, all rooms, including closets, bathrooms and attached garages, that adjoin an exposing building face are sprinklered, notwithstanding any exemption stated in NFPA 13D, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes." (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(2))

(4)If a building contains fewer than 9 sprinklers, the water supply for these sprinklers is permitted to be supplied from the domestic water system for the building provided the required flow for the sprinklers can be met by the domestic system.

(5)If a water supply serves both an automatic sprinkler system and a system serving other equipment, control valves shall be provided so that either system can be shut off independently.

(6)Notwithstanding the requirements of the standards referenced in Sentences (1) and (2) for the installation of automatic sprinkler systems, sprinklers shall not be omitted in any room or closet in the storey immediately below a roof assembly. (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(6))

(7)Notwithstanding the requirements of the standards referenced in Sentences (1) and (2) regarding the installation of automatic sprinkler systems, in buildings conforming to Article 3.2.2.48., 3.2.2.51., 3.2.2.57., 3.2.2.60. or 3.2.2.93., sprinklers shall be provided for all balconies and decks, other than,

(a)balconies or decks that are not more than 610 mm in depth measured perpendicular to the exterior wall of the building, or

(b)decks on the uppermost roof of the building. (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(7))

(8)Sprinklers in elevator machine rooms shall have a temperature rating not less than that required for an intermediate temperature classification and shall be protected against physical damage. (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(8))

(9)Except as provided in Subsection 3.2.8., closely spaced sprinklers and associated draft stops need not be installed around floor openings in conformance with NFPA 13, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems."

(10)The sprinkler system described in Sentence (3) shall be provided with a minimum 20 min water supply when installed in a retirement home.

(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (5), Articles 3.2.5.10. and 3.2.5.11., and Sentence 3.2.4.9.(2), the design, construction, installation and testing of a standpipe system shall conform to NFPA 14, "Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems."

(2)A dry standpipe that is not connected to a water supply shall not be considered as fulfilling the requirements of this Article.

(3)If more than one standpipe is provided, the total water supply need not be more than 30 L/s.

(4)The residual water pressure at the design flow rate at the topmost hose connection of a standpipe system that is required to be installed in a building is permitted to be less than 690 kPa provided

(a)the building is sprinklered throughout,

(b)the water supply at the base of the sprinkler riser is capable of meeting, without a fire pump, the design flow rate and pressure demand of the sprinkler system, including the inside and outside hose allowance, and

(c)fire protection equipment is available to deliver, by means of the fire department connection, the full demand flow rate at a residual water pressure of 690 kPa at the topmost hose connection of the standpipe system. (See Note A-3.2.5.9.(4)(c))

(5)A fire department connection shall be provided for every standpipe system.

(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), fire escapes shall not be erected on a building.

(2)If it is impracticable to provide one or more of the exit facilities listed in Article 3.4.1.4., fire escapes conforming to Articles 3.4.7.2. to 3.4.7.7. are permitted to serve floor areas in an existing building provided the floor areas served are

(a)not in an elementary or secondary school or a retirement home,

(b)not more than 2 storeys above ground level in care, care and treatment or detention occupancies, and

(c)not more than 5 storeys above ground level in other occupancies.

(1)Stairs shall be inclined at an angle of not more than 45° with the horizontal, and their steps shall have risers not more than 210 mm high and treads not less than 220 mm wide exclusive of nosing.

(2)Stairway headroom shall be not less than 1,950 mm plus the height of one riser measured vertically above the nosing of any tread or platform.

(3)The width of a fire escape shall conform to Articles 3.4.3.1. to 3.4.3.3., except that the width is permitted to be reduced to 550 mm provided the fire escape serves

(a)not more than 3 storeys, and

(b)not more than 15 persons.

(4)If a flight of stairs leading to the ground at the foot of a fire escape is not fixed in position, it shall

(a)be held in the raised position without a latch or locking device,

(b)be fitted with a counterbalancing device,

(c)be easily and quickly brought into position for use, and

(d)reach the ground in the lowered position.

(1)Access to fire escapes shall be from corridors through doors at floor level, except that access from a dwelling unit is permitted to be through a casement window having an unobstructed opening not less than 1,100 mm high by 550 mm wide with a sill height of not more than 900 mm above the inside floor.

(2)The clear area of a fire escape balcony onto which a door opens, shall be not less than 1 m².

(1)The open sides of every platform, balcony and stairway forming part of a fire escape shall be protected by guards not less than 920 mm high measured vertically above the nosing of any tread or platform.

(2)The top rail of a guard is permitted to serve as a handrail if it is free from obstructions that could break a handhold.

(3)A wall handrail shall be installed if the fire escape is more than 550 mm wide.

(4)Openings through any guard that is required by Sentence (1) shall be of a size that will prevent the passage of a sphere having a diameter more than 100 mm unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings that exceed this limit do not represent a hazard.

(5)Unless it can be shown that the location and size of an opening do not present a hazard, a guard for a fire escape shall be designed so that no member, attachment or opening located between 140 mm and 900 mm above a platform or the nosing of any tread will facilitate climbing.

(1)Except as provided in Articles 3.6.3.3. and 3.6.3.5. and Section 3.5., a vertical service space shall be separated from all other portions of each adjacent storey by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating conforming to Table 3.6.3.1. for the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. for

(a)the floor assembly above the storey, or

(b)the floor assembly below the storey, if there is no floor assembly above. (See Note A-3.6.3.1.(1))

(2)A vertical service space that does not extend through the roof of a building shall be enclosed at the top with construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical service space walls.

(3)A vertical service space that does not extend to the bottom of a building shall be enclosed at the lowest level with construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical service space walls.

(4)A vent from a vertical service space not extending to the roof shall be enclosed within the building with construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical service space walls.

(5)Only openings that are necessary for the use of the vertical service space shall be permitted through a vertical service space enclosure.

(1)A dwelling unit where a piped water supply is available shall be provided with a

(a)kitchen sink,

(b)lavatory,

(c)water closet or drainless composting water closet, and

(d)bathtub or shower stall.

(1)The minimum horizontal specified live load applied outward at the minimum required height of every required guard shall be

(a)3.0 kN/m for open viewing stands without fixed seats and for means of egress in grandstands, stadia, bleachers and arenas,

(b)1.0 kN applied at any point, so as to produce the most critical effect, for access ways to equipment platforms, contiguous stairs and similar areas where the gathering of many people is improbable, and

(c)0.75 kN/m or 1.0 kN applied at any point so as to produce the most critical effect, whichever governs for locations other than those described in Clauses (a) and (b).

(2)The minimum horizontal specified live load applied inward at the minimum required height of every required guard shall be half that specified in Sentence (1).

(3)Individual elements within the guard, including solid panels and pickets, shall be designed for a horizontal specified live load of 0.5 kN applied outward over an area of 100 mm by 100 mm located at any point on the element or elements so as to produce the most critical effect.

(4)The size of the opening between any two adjacent vertical elements within a guard shall not exceed the limits required by Part 3 when each of these elements is subjected to a horizontal specified live load of 0.1 kN applied in opposite directions in the in-plane direction of the guard so as to produce the most critical effect.

(5)The specified live loads required in Sentence (3) need not be considered to act simultaneously with the loads provided for in Sentences (1), (2), (6) and (7).

(6)The minimum specified live load applied vertically at the top of every required guard shall be 1.5 kN/m and need not be considered to act simultaneously with the horizontal specified live load provided for in Sentences (1), (3) and (7).

(7)Handrails and their supports shall be designed and constructed to withstand the following minimum specified live loads, which need not be considered to act simultaneously:

(a)0.9 kN applied at any point and in any direction for all handrails, and

(b)0.7 kN/m applied in any direction for handrails not located within dwelling units.

(1)Firewalls shall be designed to resist the maximum effect due to,

(a)the appropriate lateral design loads prescribed elsewhere in this Section, or

(b)a factored lateral load of 0.5 kPa under fire conditions, as described in Sentence (2).

(2)Under fire conditions, where the fire-resistance rating of the structure is less than that of the firewall,

(a)lateral support shall be assumed to be provided by the structure on one side only, or

(b)another structural support system capable of resisting the loads imposed by a fire on either side of the firewall shall be provided.

(1)A subsurface investigation, including groundwater conditions, shall be carried out by or under the direction of a professional engineer having knowledge and experience in planning and executing such investigations to a degree appropriate for the building and its use, the ground and the surrounding site conditions. (See Note A-4.2.2.1.(1))

(1)Buildings and their structural members made of wood shall conform to CSA O86, "Engineering design in wood."

(1)Buildings and their structural members made of plain and reinforced masonry shall conform to CSA S304, "Design of masonry structures."

(1)Buildings and their structural members made of structural steel shall conform to CSA S16, "Design of steel structures." (See Note A-4.3.4.1.(1))

(1)This Part is concerned with

(a)the control of condensation

(i)in building components and assemblies, and

(ii)on building materials, components and assemblies, and

(b)the transfer of heat, air, moisture and sound through

(i)building materials, components and assemblies, and

(ii)interfaces between building materials, components and assemblies. (See Note A-5.1.1.1.(1))

(1)Where a building component or assembly is subjected to differentials in temperature and water vapour pressure, the properties and position of the materials and components in those components or assemblies shall be such that they control vapour diffusion or permit venting to the exterior so as to minimize accumulation of condensation in the building component or assembly.

(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), a vapour barrier shall be installed to provide the principal resistance to water vapour diffusion.

(3)A vapour barrier is not required where it can be shown that uncontrolled vapour diffusion will not adversely affect any of

(a)the health or safety of building users,

(b)the intended use of the building, or

(c)the operation of building services.

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), materials, components, assemblies, joints in materials, junctions between components and junctions between assemblies exposed to precipitation shall be

(a)sealed to prevent ingress of precipitation, or

(b)drained to direct precipitation to the exterior.

(2)Sealing or drainage are not required where it can be shown that the omission of sealing and drainage will not adversely affect any of,

(a)the health or safety of building users,

(b)the intended use of the building, or

(c)the operation of building services.

(1)The installation of solid fuel-burning appliances for central heating systems shall comply with CSA B365, "Installation code for solid-fuel-burning appliances and equipment" and the manufacturer's installation instructions.

(2)The solid fuel-fired appliances in Sentence (1) shall conform to CSA B366.1, "Solid-fuel-fired central heating appliances."

(3)The design and installation of earth energy systems shall conform to CAN/CSA-C448.2, "Design and installation of earth energy systems for residential and other small buildings," where such systems use groundwater, submerged heat exchangers or ground heat exchangers to serve,

(a)a house with or without a secondary unit, or,

(b)a building, other than a house with or without a secondary unit, where the conditioned space is not more than 1,400 m².

(4)Except for a house with or without a secondary unit, the design and installation of earth energy systems shall conform to CAN/CSA-C448.1, "Design and installation of earth energy systems for commercial and institutional buildings," where such systems use groundwater, submerged heat exchangers or ground heat exchangers to condition a floor space area more than 1,400 m².

(5)The design and installation of solid fuel-burning stoves, ranges and space heaters, including the requirements for combustion air, shall conform to the requirements of CSA B365, "Installation code for solid-fuel-burning appliances and equipment" and the manufacturer's installation instructions.

(6)The design and installation of hydronic heating systems shall conform to

(a)CSA B214, "Installation code for hydronic heating systems," or

(b)good engineering practice appropriate to the circumstances such as described in Article 6.2.1.1.

(7)Solid fuel-burning stoves, furnaces and hydronic heating systems designed to burn solid fuels, other than coal, shall conform to the particulate emission limits of,

(a)CSA B415.1, "Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances," or

(b)the "Standards of Performance for New Residential Wood Heaters," set out in Subpart AAA of Part 60 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, as it read on March 16, 2015.

(1)Supply, return and exhaust air openings located less than 2 m above the floor in rooms or spaces in buildings shall be protected by grilles having openings of a size that will not allow the passage of a 15 mm diam sphere.

(2)Outdoor air intakes shall be located so that

(a)the quality of the air entering the building complies with Sentence 6.2.1.2.(1), and

(b)they are separated a minimum distance from sources of contaminants in accordance with Table 6.3.2.9.

(3)Outdoor air intakes shall be installed not less than 0.3 m above roofs, landscape grades or other surfaces, taking into account anticipated snow accumulation levels.

(4)Exterior openings for outdoor air intakes and exhaust outlets shall be shielded from the entry of snow and rain and shall be fitted with corrosion-resistant screens of mesh having openings not larger than 15 mm, except where experience has shown that climatic conditions require larger openings to prevent the screen openings from icing over.

(5)Screens required in Sentence (4) shall be accessible for maintenance.

(6)Combustible grilles, diffusers and other devices covering supply, return, intake and exhaust openings shall comply with Article 3.6.5.7.

(1)Except as provided in Section 7.7., storm drainage systems and private sewers conveying storm sewage shall be connected to a public storm sewer, a public combined sewer or a designated storm water disposal location.

(1)Every pressure vessel that is part of a plumbing system or connected to a plumbing system shall be equipped with a pressure-relief valve designed to open when the water pressure in the tank reaches the rated working pressure of the tank, and so located that the pressure in the tank shall not exceed 1,100 kPa or one-half the maximum test pressure sustained by the tank, whichever is the lesser.

(2)The hot water tank of a storage-type service water heater shall be equipped with a temperature-relief valve with a temperature-sensing element

(a)located within the top 150 mm of the tank, and

(b)designed to open and discharge sufficient water from the tank to keep the temperature of the water in the tank from exceeding 99°C under all operating conditions.

(3)A pressure-relief valve and temperature-relief valve may be combined where Sentences (1) and (2) are complied with.

(4)Indirect service water heaters shall be equipped with

(a)a pressure-relief valve, and

(b)a temperature-relief valve on every storage tank that forms part of the system.

(5)Pipes that convey water from a temperature-relief, pressure-relief, or a combined temperature- and pressure-relief valve shall

(a)be of a nominal pipe size at least equal to the NPS of the outlet of the valve,

(b)be rigid, slope downward from the valve, and terminate with an indirect connection above a floor drain, sump, or other safe location, with an air break of not more than 300 mm,

(c)have no thread at its outlet, and

(d)be capable of operating at a temperature of not less than 99°C. (See Note A-7.6.1.7.(5))

(6)The temperature-relief valve required in Clause (4)(b) shall

(a)have a temperature-sensing element located within the top 150 mm of the tank, and

(b)be designed to open and discharge sufficient water to keep the temperature of the water in the tank from exceeding 99°C under all operating conditions.

(7)No shut-off valve shall be installed on the pipe between any tank and the relief valves or on the discharge lines from such relief valves.

(1)Each lavatory in a washroom with fixtures for public use shall be equipped with a device capable of automatically shutting off the flow of water when the lavatory is not in use. (See Note A-7.6.4.1.(1) and (3))

(2)An automatic compensating valve serving an individual shower head shall have a manufacturer's minimum-rated water flow rate equal to or less than the shower head it serves. (See Note A-7.6.4.1.(2))

(3)Where multiple shower heads installed in a public showering facility are served by one temperature control, each shower head shall be equipped with a device capable of automatically shutting off the flow of water when the shower head is not in use. (See Note A-7.6.4.1.(1) and (3))